The blancmange curve

6 October 2025

The #Mathober 2025 day 6 prompt is ‘Partial sum’. I offer a diagram of the #Fractal ‘blancmange curve’ or ‘Takagi curve’ and some of the partial sums that converge to it:

The blancmange curve, so-called because it vaguely resembles a cross-section of a blancmange on the large scale. It is low on the left and right and higher in the middle. Small sections of the curve are similar to the curve as a whole under an affine transformation. Under the curve, in lighter colours, are the partial sums, which look more angular. All of the curves remain above the axis.

It is defined on the unit interval by

\[ y(x) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{s(2^n)}{n}, \]

where

\[ s(x) = \min_{n \in \mathbb{N}}|x - n|. \]

In the diagram, successive partial sums are shown in darkening shades of grey and (an approximation to) the curve itself in black.

The same diagram in PDF format, and the (not particularly efficient) Asymptote source code [GPL 3.0].

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